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Entity > Physical > Process

Process
subject			fact

Process	documentation Intuitively, the class of things that happen rather than endure. A Process is thought of as having temporal parts or stages, and so it cannot have all these parts together at one time (contrast Object). Examples include extended 'events' such as a football match or a race, events and actions of various kinds, states of motion and lifespans of Objects, which occupy the same space and time but are thought of as having stages instead of parts. The formal definition is: anything that lasts for a time but is not an Object. Note that a Process may have participants 'inside' it which are Objects, such as the players in a football match. In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages roughly perpendicular to the time-axis
	has axiom (=> (instance ?PROC Process) (exists (?SUBPROC) (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC)))
	has axiom (=> (and (instance ?PROC Process) (subProcess ?SUBPROC ?PROC)) (exists (?TIME) (existant ?SUBPROC ?TIME)))
	has axiom (=> (instance ?ARTIFACT Artifact) (exists (?PROCESS) (and (instance ?PROCESS Process) (result ?PROCESS ?ARTIFACT))))
	has axiom (=> (instance ?DEVICE Device) (exists (?PROC) (and (instance ?PROC Process) (instrument ?PROC ?DEVICE))))
	has axiom (=> (instance ?PROC1 Process) (exists (?PROC2) (causes ?PROC2 ?PROC1)))
	has axiom (=> (instance ?PROCESS Process) (exists (?CAUSE) (effector ?PROCESS ?CAUSE)))
	is first domain of agent
	is first domain of capability
	is first domain of causes
	is first domain of destination
	is first domain of direction
	is first domain of effector
	is first domain of experiencer
	is first domain of frequency
	is first domain of hasSkill
	is first domain of holdsObligation
	is first domain of holdsRight
	is first domain of inhibits
	is first domain of instrument
	is first domain of manner
	is first domain of origin
	is first domain of patient
	is first domain of precondition
	is first domain of prevents
	is first domain of realization
	is first domain of resource
	is first domain of result
	is first domain of subProcess
	is second domain of causes
	is second domain of inhibits
	is second domain of precondition
	is second domain of prevents
	is second domain of subProcess
	is a kind of Physical

Kinds of Process :

• Attaching (1 kind, 6 facts) - A Process where the agent attaches one thing to something else. Note that this is different from Putting in that two things which are attached may already be in the same location
• Closing (2 facts) - The Class of Processes where an aperture is closed in an Object
• Combining (2 facts) - A Process where two or more things are combined into a single thing
• Communication (8 kinds, 20 facts) - A SocialInteraction that involves the transfer of information between two Agents via a ContentBearingObject
• Competition (7 kinds, 27 facts) - A Process where the agent and patient are Agents who are trying to defeat one another. The Agents need not be CognitiveAgents. For example, the struggle of plants for space or sunlight, or of bacteria for food resources in some environment would be instances of Competition
• Covering (3 facts) - The Class of Processes where the agent covers the patient, either completely or only partially, with something else
• Creation (4 kinds, 15 facts) - The subclass of Process in which something is created. Note that the thing created is specified with the result CaseRole
• Damaging (3 facts) - The Class of Processes where the agent brings about a situation where the patient no longer functions normally or as intended
• Decreasing (3 facts)
• Destruction (1 kind, 7 facts) - The subclass of Process in which the patient (or an essential element of the patient) is destroyed
• Detaching (2 kinds, 8 facts) - A Process where the agent detaches one thing from something else. Note that this is different from Removing in that neither of the two things which are detached may be removed from the location where it was attached
• Dressing (2 facts) - The act of putting clothing on an Animal
• Drying (3 facts) - The Class of Processes where water is removed from an Object
• Emitting (4 kinds, 10 facts) - Processes in which something is given off by something else
• Impacting (1 kind, 6 facts) - The Class of Processes where something comes into sudden, forceful, physical contact with something else. Some examples would be striking, knocking, whipping etc
• Increasing (6 facts) - Any Process where a PhysicalQuantity associated with the patient is increased, Any Process where a PhysicalQuantity associated with the patient is decreased
• IntentionalProcess (80 kinds, 221 facts) - A Process that is deliberately set in motion by a CognitiveAgent
• Motion (14 kinds, 43 facts) - Any Process of movement
• NonintentionalProcess (20 kinds, 60 facts) - A Process that occurs irrespective of the intentions of Humans or Animals
• Opening (3 facts) - The Class of Processes where an aperture is created in an Object. Note that the aperture may be created intentionally, as when one opens a door, or unintentionally, as when the ground ruptures in a seismic event
• Separating (3 facts) - A Process where something is disassembled into (some of) its parts
• ShapeAlteration (4 facts) - The act of changing the shape of an Object
• SurfaceAlteration (1 kind, 5 facts) - The act of changing the appearance of the surface of an Object
• Wetting (3 facts) - The Class of Processes where Water is added to an Object

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