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atmophile element comparison table

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bromine					group VII element						atmosphere of a planet or asteroid									1 × 108 years					depth indenpendent						-I	accumulating oceanic element		liquid at standard temperature and pressure																																								17
carbon	kar-bon	R3m for rhombohedral graphite		0.0035 barns	atom	9 to 16	710.9 kJ mol-1		990 - 2320 W m-1 K-1 for diamond at 298 K	pre-historic	in planet metallic core and associated with iron	carbo = charcoal from Latin	1.19 × 10-6 K-1 for diamond	105.1 kJ mol-1	amorphous, fullerenes, bucky tubes, diamond, graphite and soot. Safe.	diamond deposits in South Africa, USA, Russia, Brazil, Zaire, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Canada		300 g		800000 years	diamond, graphite, calcium magnesium carbonates, fossil fuel	800 K for buckminsterfullerene (sublimes)	0.66460 × 10-12 cm		increasing with depth	60 pm for triple bonds	3P0 in ground state	a = 1414 pm for buckminsterfullerene	16 kg for a 70 kg average person	large for tar sands	IV	recycled oceanic element	20.838 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K		185 pm		3.42 cm3 for diamond	pure forms occur as graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerene C60	5100 K (sublimes)	carbon black is a nuissance but not dangerous, although soot may harbour carcinogenic materials	DNA constituent, organic molecules required for life	260 pm for C4-		1 × 1014 Ω m for buckminsterfullerene at 293 K	12.011 in units of 12C = 12.000	graphite	121.9 kJ mol-1 from C to C-	7440-44-0 for Chemical Abstracts System database	1650 kg m-3 for buckminsterfullerene at 293 K	77 pm	6	-6.2 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for diamond		8 including nuclear isomers	non-toxic, but some compounds can be very toxic such as CO or CN-	28 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater			723.642 nm for C II (strong)	almost everything		carbon 12	C	coke in steel, carbon black in printing, as a filler, activated charcoal for water treatement and respirators	f.c.c. for buckminsterfullerene	8.6 ×	[He]2s22p2 in ground state	6		0.625 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	670000 p.p.m. in muscle	2.55 Pauling		14
hydrogen	hy-dro-jen		hydrogen 1, deuterium	0.3326 barns	atom	1 to 3	0.46 kJ mol-1	H. Cavendish	0.1815 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K for gas	1766	atmosphere of a planet or asteroid	hydro genes = water forming from Greek		0.12 kJ mol-1	small pressurized canisters. Warning !		1297 kPa	mainly as water	non-toxic	unknown	water	14.01 K	-0.37390 × 10-12 cm		unknown	30 pm	2S1/2 in ground state		7 kg for a 70 kg average person	almost limitless	I	unclassified oceanic element	20.784 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	gas at standard temperature and pressure	120 pm	hidrogeno	13.26 cm3		20.28 K	flammable and explosive when mixed with air; can asphyxiate if it excludes oxygen from lungs	constituent element of DNA. Component of water, essential to life.	154 pm for H-	hydrogene		1.00794 in units of 12C = 12.000	natural methane gas	72.8 kJ mol-1 from H to H-	1333-74-0 for Chemical Abstracts System database	0.08988 for gas at 273 K	78 pm	1	-2.50 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for gas	London, England	3	non-toxic	main constituent of water; some dissolved H2 in seawater	idrogeno		1875.10 nm for H I	air explosively	13.96 K at 7.2 kPa	hydrogen 1	H	making ammonia, cyclohexane, methanol, etc.		350 × 109 m3 year-1 as H2 gas	1s1 in ground state	1	Wasserstoff	0.380 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	93000 p.p.m. in muscle	2.20 Pauling	33.35 K
inert gas					noble gas						atmosphere of a planet or asteroid																					atmophile element		gas at standard temperature and pressure																																								18
iodine					group VII element						atmosphere of a planet or asteroid									300000 years					increasing with depth						V	recycled oceanic element																																										17
nitrogen	niy-troh-jen			1.91 barns	pnictogen	12 to 18	5.577 kJ mol-1	D. Rutherford	0.02598 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K for gas	1772	atmosphere of a planet or asteroid	nitron genes = nitre forming (potassium nitrate) from Greek		0.720 kJ mol-1	small pressurized canisters. Safe.		3394 kPa	high		6000 years	nitratine, nitrammite, nitrobarite, nitrocalcite and nitromagnesite	63.29 K	0.936 × 10-12 cm		increasing with depth	70 pm for single bond	4S3/2 in ground state	a = pm	1.8 kg for a 70 kg average person	× 10 tonnes	V	recycled oceanic element	20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	gas at standard temperature and pressure	154 pm		12.65 cm3	colourless, odourless gas (N2)	77.4 K	harmless gas, but it could asphyxiate if it excluded oxygen from the lungs	constituent element of DNA and amino acids; nitrogen cycle in nature				14.00674 in units of 12C = 12.000	liquified air	-7 kJ mol-1 from N to N-	7727-37-9 for Chemical Abstracts System database	1.2506 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K	71 pm	7	-5.4 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for gas	Edinburgh, Scotland, UK	8 including nuclear isomers	non-toxic as N2 gas but NO2, HCN and NH3 are toxic	p.p.m. in seawater			1246.962 nm for N I	generaly unreactive at normal temperatures		nitrogen 14	N	fertilizers, acids (HNO3), explosives, plastics and dyes		44 × 106 tonnes year-1	[He]2s22p3 in ground state	7		0.916 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	72000 p.p.m. in muscle	3.04 Pauling	126.05 K	15
oxygen	oksi-jen			0.00019 barns	chalcogen	13 to 20	6.82 kJ mol-1	J. Priestley, C.W. Sheele	0.2674 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1774	atmosphere of a planet or asteroid	oxy genes = acid forming from Greek		0.444 kJ mol-1	small pressurized canisters. Safe, but be aware of possible dangers.		5043 kPa	mainly as water	4800 p.p.m. for 4 hours inhaled ozone (O3)	unknown	oxides, silicates, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates also occurs as gas in atmosphere and as water	54.8 K	0.5803 × 10-12 cm		unknown	66 pm for single bond	3P2 in ground state	a = pm	43 kg for a 70 kg average person, mainly as water	1.2 × 1015 tonnes in atmosphere		unclassified oceanic element	21.912 J K-1 mol-1 for atomic gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	gas at standard temperature and pressure	140 pm		8.00 cm3 at 54 K	colourless, odourless gas (O2) which is very reactive	90.188 K	O2 within a few percent of its natural concentration in air is harmless, but too little and it cannot sustain life, too much and it can cause pulmonary changes and teratogenic effects and is a fire hazard.	constituent element of DNA and of most other biologically important compounds	132 pm for O2-			15.9994 in units of 12C = 12.000	liquid air	141 kJ mol-1 from O to O-	7782-44-7 for Chemical Abstracts System database	1.429 kg m-3 for gas at 273 K	pm	8	+1.355 × 10-6 kg-1 m3 for gas	Leeds, England and Uppsala, Sweeden	8 including nuclear isomers	non-toxic as O2, but toxic as ozone (O3)	constituent element of water		kJ mol-1	844.676 nm for O I	all other elements except He, Ne, Ar and Kr		oxygen 16	O	steel-making, metal-cutting, the chemical industry and in medical treatment		1 × 108	[He]2s22p4 in ground state	8		1.31 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	160000 p.p.m. in muscle	3.44 Pauling	154.58 K	16

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