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physical object > natural object > particle > element > light element > beryllium

beryllium (Be, 1S0 in ground state)
subject			fact

beryllium	has symbol Be
	has lethal intake 317 mg kg-1 acetate in rat
	has reserves 400000 tonnes
	has main mining area Brazil, USA, Madagascar, Germany, Czech Republic, Russia, India
	has mineral beryl, bertrandite, chrysoberyl, gadolinite, herderite
	has neutron scattering length 0.779 × 10-12 cm
	has electron affinity -18 kJ mol-1 from Be to Be-
	has toxic intake 13 mg kg-1 in rat
	has poisson's ratio 0.02 GPa
	has bulk modulus 110 GPa
	has rigidity modulus 156 GPa
	has young's modulus 318 GPa
	has mass magnetic susceptibility -1.3 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid
	has electrical resistivity 4.0 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K
	has covalent radii 89 pm
	has thermal neutron capture cross section 0.0092 barns
	has longest lived isotope beryllium 9
	has isotope mass range 6 to 11
	has number of isotopes 6 including nuclear isomers
	has pronunciation be-ril-iuhm
	has name origin beryllos = beryl from Greek
	has discovery location Paris, France
	has abundance 14 in Sun relative to H = 1 × 1012
	has abundance 2.6 p.p.m. in Earth's crust
	has abundance 8.8 × 10-8 p.p.m. in Atlantic surface seawater
	has abundance 17.5 × 10-8 p.p.m. in deep Atlantic seawater
	has abundance 3.5 × 10-8 p.p.m. in Pacific surface seawater
	has abundance 22 × 10-8 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater
	has specimen lumps, powder. Danger !
	has world production 364 tonnes year-1
	has chief source beryl, bertrandite
	has mass absorption coefficient cm2 g-1 1.50 for CuKalpha X-ray diffraction
	has mass absorption coefficient cm2 g-1 0.298 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction
	has space group P63/mmc for α-Be
	has space group Im3m for β-Be
	has crystal cell dimension a = 228.55, c = 358.32 pm for α-Be
	has crystal cell dimension a = 255.15 pm for β-Be
	has crystal type h.c.p. for α-Be
	has crystal type b.c.c. for β-Be
	has atomic emission line 234.861 nm for Be I (used in atom absorption spectrometry)
	has atomic emission line 381.345 nm for Be I
	has atomic emission line 436.099 nm for Be II
	has atomic emission line 467.333 nm for Be II
	has atomic emission line 467.342 nm for Be II (strong)
	has atomic emission line 527.081 nm for Be II
	has term symbol 1S0 in ground state
	has electron configuration [He]2s2 in ground state
	has mass of element in person 0.036 mg for a 70 kg average person
	has daily dietary intake 0.01 mg
	has level in humans < 1 × 10-5 mg dm-3 in blood
	has level in humans 0.003 p.p.m. in bone
	has level in humans 0.0016 p.p.m. in liver
	has level in humans 0.00075 p.p.m. in muscle
	has hazard deadly poison, carcinogenic for lab animals and maybe for humans
	has hazard inhalation of dust causes severe and irreparable lung damage
	has biological role none
	has linear expansion coefficient 11.5 × 10-6 K-1
	has thermal conductivity 200 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K
	has molar volume 4.88 cm3
	has heat capacity 16.44 J K-1 mol-1 for solid at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat capacity 20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat of vaporization 308.8 kJ mol-1
	has heat of fusion 9.80 kJ mol-1
	has boiling point 3243 K under pressure
has melting point 1551 ± 5 K
has electronegativity 1.57 Pauling
has relative atomic mass 9.012182 in units of 12C = 12.000
has ionic radii 34 pm for Be+
has atomic radii 113 pm
has number of protons 4
has registry number 7440-41-7 for Chemical Abstracts System database
has density 1847.7 kg m-3 for solid at 293 K
has synthesis mechanism electrolysis of fused BeCl2
has ocean oxidation state II
has ocean residence time 4000 years
has atomic number 4
has discovery date 1797
has discoverer Nicholas Louis Vauquelin
has uses alloys with copper and nickel increases electrical and thermal conductivities
has uses copper alloys used to make spark proof tools
has image
has definition Silvery-white, lustrous, relatively soft metal which is unaffected by air or water, even at red heat. Rare and fragile element. Nuclear reactions in stars destroy it. Most and possibly all beryllium originated when cosmic rays smashed into heavier atoms in space and split them into lighter ones, such as beryllium.
is a kind of light element
is a kind of alkali earth metal
is a kind of recycled oceanic element
alkali earth metal	has hardness malleable, extrudable and machinable
recycled oceanic element	has ocean concentration increasing with depth
element	is a part of Universe
	has synonym atom
oceanic element	has occurrence ocean
particle	obeys uncertainty principle
	has frequency inversely proportional to the wavelength
	has wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum
	has charge
	has mass
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

Kinds of beryllium :

• beryllium 10 (10 facts) (¹⁰Be)
• beryllium 11 (10 facts) (¹¹Be)
• beryllium 12 (9 facts) (¹²Be)
• beryllium 14 (8 facts) (¹⁴Be)
• beryllium 6 (8 facts) (⁶Be)
• beryllium 7 (10 facts) (⁷Be)
• beryllium 8 (9 facts) (⁸Be)
• beryllium 9 (14 facts) (⁹Be)

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