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physical object > natural object > particle > element > column grouped element > group III element > boron

boron (B, 2P1/2 in ground state)
subject			fact

boron	has symbol B
	has lethal intake 10 - 20 g as boric acid
	has reserves 270 × 106 tonnes as B2O3
	has main mining area ulexite in USA, Tibet, Chile; colemanite in USA, Turkey
	has mineral borax, colemanite, datolite, kernite, ulexite
	has neutron scattering length 0.535 × 10-12 cm
	has electron affinity 26.7 kJ mol-1 from B to B-
	has toxic intake 5 g as boric acid
	has mass magnetic susceptibility -7.8 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for solid
	has electrical resistivity 18000 Ω m at 293 K
	has van der Waals radii 208 pm
	has covalent radii 88 pm
	has thermal neutron capture cross section 767 barns
	has longest lived isotope boron 11
	has isotope mass range 8 to 13
	has number of isotopes 6 including nuclear isomers
	has pronunciation bohr-on
	has name origin buraq from Arabic
	has discovery location Paris, France and London, England
	has abundance 2.63 × 105 in Sun relative to H = 1 × 1012
	has abundance 950 p.p.m. in Earth's crust
	has abundance 4.41 p.p.m. in seawater
	has specimen crystals, pieces or powder. Safe.
	has world production 1 × 106 tonnes year-1 as B2O3
	has chief source kernite, borax, ulexite, colemanite
	has mass absorption coefficient 2.39 cm2 g-1 for CuKalpha X-ray diffraction
	has mass absorption coefficient 0.392 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction
	has space group R3m for α-B
	has crystal cell dimension a = 506.7, α = 58deg4' pm for α-B
	has crystal type rhombohedral for α-B
	has atomic emission line 208.891 nm for B I
	has atomic emission line 208.957 nm for B I
	has atomic emission line 249.667 nm for B I
	has atomic emission line 249.773 nm for B I (strong)
	has atomic emission line 345.129 nm for B I
	has atomic emission line 1166.004 nm for B I
	has atomic emission line 1166.247 nm for B I
	has term symbol 2P1/2 in ground state
	has electron configuration [He]2s22p1 in ground state
	has mass of element in person 18 mg for a 70 kg average person
	has daily dietary intake 1 - 3 mg
	has level in humans 0.13 mg dm-3 in blood
	has level in humans 1.1 - 3.3 p.p.m. in bone
	has level in humans 0.4 - 3.3 p.p.m. in liver
	has level in humans 0.33 - 1 p.p.m. in muscle
	has hazard boric acid and borates are poisonous, although once used in medicines
	has biological role essential to plants; toxic in excess
	has linear expansion coefficient 5 × 10-6 K-1
	has thermal conductivity 27.0 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K
	has molar volume 4.62 cm3
	has heat capacity 11.09 J K-1 mol-1 for α solid at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat capacity 20.799 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat of vaporization 538.9 kJ mol-1
	has heat of fusion 22.2 kJ mol-1
	has boiling point 3931 K
	has melting point 2573 K
	has electronegativity 2.04 Pauling
	has relative atomic mass 10.811 in units of 12C = 12.000
	has ionic radii 23 pm for B3+
	has atomic radii 83 pm
	has number of protons 5
	has registry number 7440-42-8 for Chemical Abstracts System database
	has density 2340 kg m-3 for β-rhombohedral solid at 293 K
	has synthesis mechanism
has ocean oxidation state III
has ocean residence time 1 × 107 years
has atomic number 5
reacts with metals to form borides
has discovery date 1808
has discoverer L.J. Lussac and L.J. Thenard
has uses borosilicate glass, detergents and fire-retardants
has image
has definition Non-metal with several forms - the most common form is a dark amorphous powder, unreactive to water, acids and alkalis. Rare and fragile element. Nuclear reactions in stars destroy it. Most boron is created in space, by cosmic rays that smash into heavier atoms and split them.
is a kind of light element
is a kind of nonmetallic metalloid
is a kind of group III element
is a kind of accumulating oceanic element
accumulating oceanic element	has ocean concentration depth indenpendent
group III element	has group 13
element	is a part of Universe
	has synonym atom
oceanic element	has occurrence ocean
particle	obeys uncertainty principle
	has frequency inversely proportional to the wavelength
	has wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum
	has charge
	has mass
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

Kinds of boron :

• boron 10 (14 facts) (¹⁰B)
• boron 11 (14 facts) (¹¹B)
• boron 12 (11 facts) (¹²B)
• boron 13 (11 facts) (¹³B)
• boron 8 (10 facts) (⁸B)
• boron 9 (9 facts) (⁹B)

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