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alkali metal comparison table

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cesium											ocean								600000 years					depth indenpendent								I	accumulating oceanic element																									water vigorously
francium																																	alkali metal																									water vigorously
lithium	lith-iuhm	Fm3m for β-Li	lithium 6, lithium 7	70.5 barns	4.24 GPa	5 to 9	134.7 kJ mol-1	J.A. Arfvedson	84.7 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1817	ocean	lithos = stone from Greek	56 × 10-6 K-1	4.60 kJ mol-1	chunks, ingot, powder, ribbon, rod, shot or wire. Care !	USA, brines of Searles Lake, California	0.1 - 2 mg	525 mg kg-1 carbonate ingested by rat	2 × 106 years	amblygonite, lepidolite, petalite, spodumene	453.69 K	-0.190 × 10-12 cm		depth indenpendent	123 pm		2S1/2 in ground state	a = 437.9 pm for β-Li	7 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.36 GPa	7.3 × 106 tonnes	I	accumulating oceanic element	4.91 GPa	20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K		13.00 cm3	Soft, silvery-white, metal. Lightest of all solid elements, third in the periodic table after hydrogen and helium. Its atom comprises one proton and three electrons. One of the electrons is at a higher energy level than the other two. Some lithium formed in the big bang, along with huge amounts of hydrogen and helium.	1620 K	moderately toxic by ingestion but there are wide variations of tolerances.	none; but lithium acts to stimulate metabolism and can control manic-depressive disorders	78 pm for Li+	6.941 in units of 12C = 12.000	8.55 × 10-8 Ω m at 273 K	petalite, lepidolite	59.6 kJ mol-1 from Li to Li-	515 kg m-3 for liquid at 453.69 K melting point	7439-93-2 for Chemical Abstracts System database	152 pm	3		+2.56 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid	Stockholm, Sweden	5 including nuclear isomers	20 - 200 g	0.17 p.p.m. in seawater	670.791 nm for Li I (strong, used in atom absorption spectrometry)	oxygen and water slowly	lithium 7	Li	light-weight alloys, especially with aluminium and magnesium, greases, batteries, glass, medicine and nuclear bombs	f.c.c. for β-Li	39000 tonnes year-1	[He]2s1 in ground state	3	0.217 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.023 p.p.m. in muscle	0.98 Pauling
potassium	poh-tass-ium	Im3m		2.1 barns	1.30 GPa	35 to 51	77.53 kJ mol-1	Sir Humphry Davy	102.4 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1807 (isolated)	in silicate materials such as igneous rocks	potash from English	83 × 10-6 K-1	2.40 kJ mol-1	metal chunks (in mineral oil) or ingots. Warning!	Germany, Spain, Canada, USA, Italy	1.4 - 7.4 g	2600 mg kg-1	21000 years	alunite, carnalite, orthoclase (mined for porcelain, ceramics and glass), sylvite	336.80 K	0.367 × 10-12 cm		depth indenpendent	203 pm	kalium from Greek	2S1/2 in ground state	a = 533.4 pm	140 g for a 70 kg average person	0.35 GPa at 83 K	> 1 × 1010 tonnes	I	accumulating oceanic element	3.53 GPa at 83 K	20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	231 pm	45.36 cm3	soft white metal which is silvery when first cut but oxidizes rapidly in air	1047 K	excess ingestion of KCl (dietary supplement) can be fatal	essential to all living things	133 pm for K+	39.0983 in units of 12C = 12.000	6.15 × 10-8 Ω m at 273 K	sylvite, carnalite, alunite	48.4 kJ mol-1 from K to K-	828 kg m-3 for liquid at 336.80 K melting point	7440-09-7 for Chemical Abstracts System database	227 pm	19	combine sodium metal with potassium chloride	+6.7 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for solid	London, England	18 including nuclear isomers	4 g of KCl	5 × 106 p.p.m. in seawater	769.896 nm for K I	water violently	potassium 39	K	compounds are used in fertilizers, chemicals and glass	b.c.c	51 × 106 tonnes year-1 for salts	[Ar]4s1 in ground state	19	15.8 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	16000 p.p.m. in muscle	0.82 Pauling
rubidium											ocean								800000 years					depth indenpendent								I	accumulating oceanic element																									water vigorously
sodium	so-dee-uhm	P63/mmc for α-Na		0.530 barns	2.53 GPa	19 to 31	89.04 kJ mol-1	Sir Humphry Davy	141 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1807 (isolated)	in silicate materials such as igneous rocks	soda from English	70.6 × 10-6 K-1	2.64 kJ mol-1	ingots or lumps, in sealed ampoules under nitrogen, or spheres and sticks stored under mineral oil. Warning!	halite in Germany, Poland, USA, UK; trona in Kenya, USA	2 - 15 g	3000 mg kg-1 of chloride in rat	1 × 108 years	halite, trona, occurs in many others but these are not mined as a source of sodium	370.96 K	0.358 × 10-12 cm		depth indenpendent		natrium from Latin	2S1/2 in ground state	a = 376.7, c = 615.4 pm for α-Na	100 g for a 70 kg average person	0.34 GPa	almost unlimited	I	accumulating oceanic element	6.80 GPa	20.786 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	231 pm	23.68 cm3	soft, silvery-white metal which oxidizes rapidly when cut	1156.1 K	compounds are not hazardous, but excess sodium chloride can be toxic by ingestion	essential to most species including humans	98 pm for Na+	22.989768 in units of 12C = 12.000	4.2 × 10-8 Ω m at 273 K	halite, trona	52.9 kJ mol-1 from to -	928 kg m-3 for liquid at 370.96 K melting point	7440-23-5 for Chemical Abstracts System database	154 pm	11	electrolysis of molted sodium chloride	+8.8 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for solid	Royal Institution, London, England	14 including nuclear isomers	12 g kg-1 of chloride in humans	10500 p.p.m. in seawater	819.482 nm for Na I	water by producing hydrogen gas	sodium 23	Na	nuclear reactor heat exchanger	hexagonal for α-Na	200000 tonnes year-1 as sodium metal	[Ne]3s in ground state	11	3.21 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	2600 - 7800 p.p.m. in muscle	0.93 Pauling

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