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transition metal comparison table

Subject	has pronunciation	has space group	has thermal neutron capture cross section	has rigidity modulu	has isotope mass range	has heat of vaporization	has discoverer	has thermal conductivity	has discovery date	has occurrence	has name origin	has linear expansion coefficient	has heat of fusion	has specimen	has main mining area	has daily dietary intake	has lethal intake	has ocean residence time	has mineral	has melting point	has neutron scattering length	has origin	has Curie temperature	has image	has ocean concentration	has covalent radii	has symbol name origin	has term symbol	has crystal cell dimension	has mass of element in person	has poisson's ratio	has reserve	has ocean oxidation state	is a kind of	has young's modulu	has state	has heat capacity	has bulk modulu	has molar volume	has definition	has boiling point	has hazard	has biological role	has ionic radii	has electrical resistivity	has relative atomic mass	has chief source	has electron affinity	has density	has registry number	has atomic radii	has mass magnetic susceptibility	has discovery location	has number of isotope	has toxic intake	has abundance	has atomic emission line	reacts with	has longest lived isotope	has symbol	has use	has crystal type	has world production	has electron configuration	has number of proton	has mass absorption coefficient	has level in human	has electronegativity	has lifetime
cadmium										in sulfide minerals								30 years							increasing with depth								II	recycled oceanic element
chromium	kroh-mi-uhm	Im3m	3.1 barns	115.3 GPa	45 to 57	348.78 kJ mol-1	Nicholas Louis Vauquelin	93.7 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1780	in sulfide minerals	chroma = colour from Greek	6.2 × 10-6 K-1	15.3 kJ mol-1	chips, chunks, crystallites or powder. Safe.	Turkey, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Russia, Philipipines	0.01 - 1.2 mg	70 mg kg-1 metal taken oraly in humans	10000 years	chromite, crocoite	2130 ± 20 K	0.3635 × 10-12 cm				increasing with depth			7S3 in ground state	a = 288.46 pm	14 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.21 GPa	1 × 109 tonnes	VI	recycled oceanic element	279 GPa		20.79 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	160.2 GPa	7.23 cm3	hard, blue-white metal which resists oxidation in air, can be polished to a high shine	2945 K	poison by ingestion, suspected carcinogen, chromates are corrosive to tissue	essential to some species, including humans, stimulates metabolism	84 pm for Cr2+	12.7 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	51.9961 in units of 12C = 12.000	chromite	64.3 kJ mol-1 from Cr to Cr-	6460 kg m-3 for liquid at 2130 K melting point	7440-47-3 for Chemical Abstracts System database	125 pm	+4.45 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid	Paris, France	13 including nuclear isomers	200 mg	2.5 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	520.844 nm for Cr I	HCL and H2SO4 by disolving	chromium 52	Cr	alloys, plating and metal ceramics	b.c.c.	9.6 × 106 tonnes year-1 for chromite ore	[Ar]3d54s1 in ground state	24	31.1 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.024 - 0.84 p.p.m. in muscle	1.66 Pauling
cobalt	koh-bolt	P63/mmc for ε-Co	37.2 barns	82 GPa	35m to 64	382.4 kJ mol-1	Georg Brandt	100 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1735	in planet metallic core and associated with iron	kobald = goblin from German	13.36 × 10-6 K-1	15.2 kJ mol-1	foil, pieces, powder, rod and wire. Care !	Zaire, Morocco, Sweden, Canada	0.005 - 1.8 mg	80 mg kg-1 chloride ingested by rat	40 years	cobaltite, erythrite, glaucodot, linnaerite, skutterudite (smaltite)	1768 K	0.278 × 10-12 cm				decreasing with depth	116 pm		4F9/2 in ground state	a = 250.7, c = 406.9 pm for ε-Co	3 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.32 GPa		II	scavenged oceanic element	211 GPa		23.020 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	181.5 GPa	6.62 cm3	lustrous, silvery-blue, hard metal which is also ferromagnetic. Cobalt 60 is an important radioisotope	3143 K	compounds have low toxicity when ingested, but produce vomiting. Suspected carcinogen.	essential to most species, including humans	82 pm for Co2+	6.24 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	58.93320 in units of 12C = 12.000	cobaltite, skutterudite	63.8 kJ mol-1 from Co to Co-	7670 kg m-3 for liquid at 293 K at melting point	7440-48-4 for Chemical Abstracts System database	125 pm	ferromagnetic	Stockholm, Sweden	17 including nuclear isomers	500 mg	1.1 × 10-6 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	356.938 nm for Co I	dilute acids	cobalt 59	Co	magnet alloys, ceramics, catalysts and paints	h.c.p. for ε-Co	17000 tonnes year-1	[Ar]3d74s2 in ground state	27	42.5 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.028 - 0.65 p.p.m. in muscle	1.88 Pauling
copper										ocean								3000 years							increasing with depth								II	recycled oceanic element
gold										in planet metallic core and associated with iron								unknown				exploding core of a supernova			unknown								I	supernova produced element
hafnium										ocean								unknown							unknown								IV	unclassified oceanic element
inner transition metal																																		transition metal
iridium										in planet metallic core and associated with iron																								siderophile element
iron	iy-on ?	Im3m for δ-Fe	2.56 barns	81 GPa for steel	49 to 63	351.0 kJ mol-1		80.2 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	2500 B.C.	in planet metallic core and associated with iron	iron from Anglo-Saxon	12.3 × 10-6 K-1	14.9 kJ mol-1	chips, filings, foil, granules, powder and wire. Safe.	USA, Canada, Sweden, South Africa, Russia, India, Japan	6 - 40 mg	7 - 35 grams	98 years	goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, magnetite, siderite, ...	1808 K	0.954 × 10-12 cm				increasing with depth	116 pm	ferrum = iron from Latin	5D4 in ground state	a = 293.22 pm for δ-Fe	4.2 kg for a 70 kg average person	0.27 GPa for steel	1.1 × 1011 tonnes	III	recycled oceanic element	208 GPa for steel		25.677 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	160 GPa for steel	7.09 cm3	lustrous, silvery and soft or workable metal when absolutely pure	3023 K	deficiency leads to anemia but excess causes liver and kidney damage	essential to all species	82 pm for Fe3+	9.71 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	55.845 in units of 12C = 12.000	hematite, magnetite, goethite, lepidocrocite, siderite	15.7 kJ mol-1 from Fe to Fe-	7035 kg m-3 for liquid at 1808 K melting point	7439-89-6 for Chemical Abstracts System database	124 pm	ferromagnetic		16 including nuclear isomers	200 mg Iron (II) compounds are more toxic than iron (III)	1 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	385.991 nm for Fe I (strong)	dilute acids by disolving	iron 56	Fe	steel etc...	b.c.c. for δ-Fe	7.16 × 108 tonnes year-1	[Ar]3d64s2 in ground state	26	38.5 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	180 p.p.m. in muscle	1.83 Pauling
manganese	man-gan-eez	I-43m for α-Mn	13.3 barns	79.5 GPa	49 to 62	219.7 kJ mol-1	J.G. Gahn	7.82 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1774 (isolated)	in sulfide minerals	magnes = magnet from Latin or magnesia nigri = black magnesia (MnO2)	22 × 10-6 K-1	14.4 kJ mol-1	chips, flake or powder. Safe.	South Africa, Russia, Gabon, Australia, Brazil	0.4 - 10 mg	1715 mg kg-1 for chloride in mouse	50 years	bixbyite, managanite, pyrolusite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite (jewelry), romanechite	1517 K	-0.373 × 10-12 cm				decreasing with depth	117 pm		6S5/2 in ground state	a = 891.39 pm for α-Mn	12 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.24 GPa	3.6 × 109 tonnes (plus ocean floor nodules which are 24% Mn)	II	scavenged oceanic element	191 GPa		20.79 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	n.a. GPa	7.38 cm3	hard, brittle, silvery metal	2235 K	compounds are experimental carcinogens and teratogens	essential to all species	91 pm for Mn2+	185.0 × 10-8 Ω m at 298 K	54.93805 in units of 12C = 12.000	pyrolusite, romanechite (also known as psilomelane), manganite (useful but rare)	less than 0 kJ mol-1 from Mn to Mn-	6430 kg m-3 for liquid at 2235 K melting point	7439-96-5 for Chemical Abstracts System database	124 pm	+1.21 × 10-7 kg-1 m3 for solid	Stockholm, Sweden	15 including nuclear isomers	slighly toxic by ingestion	0.4 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	403.449 nm for Mn I	dilute acids by dissolving	manganese 55	Mn	steel production, ceramics, feed supplements and fertilizer additives	b.c.c. for α-Mn	6.22 × 106 tonnes year-1	[Ar]3d54s2 in ground state	25	34.7 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.2 - 2.3 p.p.m. in muscle	1.55 Pauling
mercury										ocean								103 years or less							decreasing with depth								II	scavenged oceanic element		liquid at standard temperature and pressure
molybdenum										ocean								600000 years							depth indenpendent								VI	accumulating oceanic element
nickel	nik-el	Fm3m	4.49 barns	76.0 GPa	53 to 67	371.8 kJ mol-1	A.F. Cronstedt	90.7 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1751	in planet metallic core and associated with iron	kupfernickel = Devil's copper or St Nicholas's copper from German	13.3 × 10-6 K-1	17.6 kJ mol-1	foil, powder, rod, slugs, spheres and wire. Safe.	garnierite in Russia, South Africa, USA; pentlandite in Canada, South Africa	0.3 - 0.5 mg	350 mg kg-1 in rat for nickel acetate	80000 years	garnierite, millerite, nickeline, pentlandite, nickel-iron meteorites	1726 K	1.03 × 10-12 cm		633 K		increasing with depth	115 pm		3F4 in ground state	a = 352.38 pm	15 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.312 GPa	70 × 106 tonnes	II	recycled oceanic element	199.5 GPa		23.359 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	177.3 GPa	6.59 cm3	corrosion resistant, silvery-white, lustrous, malleable and ductile metal	3005 K	nickel carbonyl is extremely toxic	essential to some species, and can act to stimulate metabolism	62 pm for Ni3+	6.84 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	58.6934 in units of 12C = 12.000	garnierite, pentlandite	156 kJ mol-1 from Ni to Ni-	7780 kg m-3 for liquid at 1726 K boiling point	7440-02-0 for Chemical Abstracts System database	125 pm	ferromagnetic	Stockholm, Sweden	14 including nuclear isomers	1 - 3 mg kg-1	5.7 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	361.939 nm for Ni I	acids by disolving except for concentrated HNO3	nickel 58	Ni	alloys, especially stainless steel, coins, metal plating and catalysts	f.c.c.	510000 tonnes year-1	[Ar]3d84s2 in ground state	28	46.6 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	1 - 2 p.p.m. in muscle	1.91 Pauling
niobium										ocean								unknown							unknown								V	unclassified oceanic element
osmium																																		transition metal
palladium										ocean								50000 years							increasing with depth								II	recycled oceanic element
platinum										in planet metallic core and associated with iron								unknown				exploding core of a supernova			unknown								II	supernova produced element
rhenium										ocean								unknown							unknown								III	unclassified oceanic element
rhodium																																		transition metal
ruthenium																																		transition metal
scandium										ocean								5000 years							increasing with depth								III]	recycled oceanic element
silver										in sulfide minerals								5000 years							increasing with depth								I	recycled oceanic element
tantalum										ocean								unknown							unknown								V	unclassified oceanic element
technetium																																		synthetic element
titanium	tit-ayn-iuhm	P63/mmc for α-Ti	6.09 barns	45.6 GPa	41 to 53	428.9 kJ mol-1	Rev. W. Gregor	21.9 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1791	ocean	Titans = the sons of the Earth goddess from Greek	8.35 × 10-6 K-1	20.9 kJ mol-1	crystals, foil, granules, powder, rod or wire. Safe.	Norway, India, Brazil, Canada, USA, Russia	0.8 mg	non-lethal	50	anatase, brookite, ilmenite, perovskite, rutile, titanite	1933 K	-0.3438 × 10-12 cm				unknown	132 pm		3F2 in ground state	a = 295.11, c = 468.43 pm for α-Ti	20 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.361 GPa	440 × 106 tonnes	IV	unclassified oceanic element	120.2 GPa		24.430 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	108.4 GPa	10.55 cm3	hard, lustrous, silvery metal which resists corrosion due to an oxide layer on its surface	3560 K	some compounds are dangerous to handle, such as TiCl3, which is corrosive. Suspected carcinogen.	none	80 pm for Ti2+	42.0 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	47.867 in units of 12C = 12.000	ilmenite; sometimes anatase	7.6 kJ mol-1 from Ti to Ti-	4110 kg m-3 for liquid at 1933 K melting point	7440-32-6 for Chemical Abstracts System database	145 pm	+4.01 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid	Creed, Cornwall, England	13 including nuclear isomers	low as metal, oxide (TiO2) and inorganic titanium (IV) salts	4.8 × 10-4 p.p.m. in seawater	399.864 nm for Ti I	air if powdered metal is ignited	titanium 48	Ti	chemical plants, lightweight alloys, hip replacement joints	h.c.p. for α-Ti	3 × 106 tonnes year-1 TiO2	[Ar]3d24s2 in ground state	22	24.2 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.9 - 2.2 p.p.m. in muscle	1.54 Pauling
tungsten										ocean								unknown							unknown								VI	unclassified oceanic element
vanadium	van-ay-di-uhm	Im3m	5.08 barns	46.7 GPa	44 to 55	458.6 kJ mol-1	A.M. del Rio	30.7 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1801	ocean	Vanadis = Scandinavian goddess from Scandinavian	8.3 × 10-6 K-1	17.6 kJ mol-1	foil, granules, powder, rod, turnings. Care !	not mined as such, obtained as ore by-product and from Venezuelan oils	0.04 mg	10 mg kg-1 V2O5 ingested by rat	50000 years	carnotite, descloizite, patronite, vanadinite	2160 K	-0.0382 × 10-12 cm				increasing with depth			4F3/2 in ground state	a = 302.40 pm	0.11 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.365 GPa		V	recycled oceanic element	127.6 GPa		26.012 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	158 GPa	8.34 cm3	shiny, silvery metal, soft when pure. Resists corrosion due to a protective film of oxide	3650 K	mutagenic effect in some experimental compounds	essential to some species including humans; stimulates metabolism	72 pm for V2+	24.8 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	50.9415 in units of 12C = 12.000	descloizite, patronite, vanadinite, carnotite	50.7 kJ mol-1 from V to V-	5550 kg m-3 for liquid at 2160 K melting point	7440-62-2 for Chemical Abstracts System database	132 pm	+6.28 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid	Mexico City, Mexico	11 including nuclear isomers	varies	1.8 × 10-3 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	399.864 nm for V I	concentrated acids	vanadium 51	V	alloys, especially in steel	b.c.c.	7000 tonnes year-1	[Ar]3d34s2 in ground state	23	27.5 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.02 p.p.m. in muscle	1.63 Pauling
yttrium										ocean								unknown							unknown								III	unclassified oceanic element
zinc										in sulfide minerals								5000 years							increasing with depth								II	recycled oceanic element
zirconium										ocean								unknown							unknown								IV	unclassified oceanic element

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