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nucleus
subject			fact

nucleus	is a part of element
	has definition The central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons (which are made of quarks) and containing nearly all of each atom's mass.
	has definition The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, composed mainly of protons and neutrons, around which the electrons revolve. The radius of an atomic nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of its mass. Density at least 1014 g cm-3. Radius 10-12-10-13 cm.
	is a kind of charged particle
charged particle	is accelerated by electric or magnetic fields
	has charge non-zero
particle	obeys uncertainty principle
	has frequency inversely proportional to the wavelength
	has wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum
	has mass
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

Kinds of nucleus :

• Bose-Einstein nucleus (2 kinds, 11 facts) - Nucleus of even A-number (i.e., those with integral spin) (cf. Fermi-Dirac nuclei). Bose-Einstein nuclei do not obey the exclusion principle, and their ground state has zero angular momentum.
• deuteron (6 facts) (d) - The nucleus of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. It consists of one proton and one neutron bound together., The nucleus of a deuterium atom. m_d = 2.01355 amu.
• even-odd nucleus (3 facts) - Nucleus that contain even numbers of protons but odd numbers of neutrons.
• Fermi-Dirac nuclei (2 facts) - Nuclei of odd A-number (i.e., nuclei that do not have integral spin) (cf. Bose-Einstein nuclei). Fermi-Dirac nuclei therefore obey the exclusion principle (q.v.).
• isomer (2 facts) - Nucleus with the same A and Z numbers but in different energy states.
• isotone (2 facts) - Nucleus with the same number of neutrons but with different A and Z numbers.
• isotope (3 facts) - An atomic nucleus having the same number of protons as a more commonly found atomic nucleus but a different number of neutrons. For example, the hydrogen nucleus has a single proton; deuterium has one proton and one neutron and would be called an isotope of hydrogen. (see neutron; proton.), Two nuclei with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are said to represent the same element, but different isotopes. For example, helium-3, with two protons and one neutron in each nucleus, and helium-4, with two protons and two neutrons, are two different isotopes of helium. For another example, see deuterium.
• nuclide (2 facts) - A species of atomic nucleus, analogous to the word "isotope" for a species of atom. The word is also used to distinguish between atomic nuclei that are in different energy states.
• proton (13 facts) (p) - A subatomic particle with positive electric charge. Every atom has at least one proton in its nucleus; the number of protons determines the element. For example, all atoms with one proton are hydrogen, all atoms with two protons are helium, and so on., One of the constituents of the atomic nucleus. It is a spin-1/2 particle carrying positive electric charge. The proton is the lightest baryon and, as a result, is the particle into which all other baryons eventually decay. It is believed to be absolutely stable, but certain theories (GUTs) predict it will decay very, very slowly., A baryon made of two up quarks and a down quark. It possesses a positive electromagnetic charge and can only be found in atomic nuclei. A single proton is a hydrogen nucleus., A massive particle with positive electrical charge found in the nuclei of atoms. Composed of two up quarks and one down quark. The proton's mass is 938.3 MeV, slightly less than that of the neutron., A positively charged elementary particle; the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. Mass of proton 1.00728 amu = 1.6726 × 10^-24 g = 1836.12 m_e.
• triton (6 facts) (T) - The nucleus of the tritium atom.

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