gas giant Comparison Table

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gas giant comparison table

Subject has rotation period at equator has has albedo has equatorial diameter has has surface temperature has surface temperature has orbital period has has mean orbital velocity has polar radiu has inclination is an instance of has mean density has rotation period has eccentricity has has synodic period has albedo has oblateness has radiu has been observ has obliquity has synodic period has central density has temperature has sidereal period has magnetic axis inclination has mean density 1.33 g cm^{-3< sup>} has mean distance from Sun has atmosphere composition has orbital velocity has surface gravity has discoverer has satelite has magnetic axis offset has rotational period has magnetic field has core composition has number of satellite has semi-major axi has satellite has apparent magnitude has mass has equatorial radiu has maximum brightness has maximum apparent brightness has motion relative to star has has orbital period has rotation period at pole has definition has discovery date has escape velocity has central temperature

Jupiter 0.51 120 K 13.06 km s^-1 6.7 × 10⁹ cm i = 1°18'18" naked eye planet e = 0.048 398.9 days 0.065 (from Pioneer 10) for many centuries 3°.1 35 megabar 15° to the rotational axis (data from Pioneer 10) primarily H₂ (85%) and He (14%), with traces of methane, ammonia 2.7 that of Earth 0.1 Jupiter radius from the center of the planet (data from Pioneer 10) 9^h50^m at equator; 9^h55^m at polar regions (see Systems I and II longitude). 4 gauss (data from Pioneer 10) metallic hydrogen in a pressure-ionized liquid phase 5.203 AU brighter than 5 1.90 × 10³⁰ g = 318 M_Earth 7.135 × 10⁹ cm = 11 R_Earth epicycloidal 11.86 years Fifth planet from the Sun. It is more massive than all other planets and satellites combined; if it were about 80 times more massive, it would become self-luminous due to fusion reactions. The heat flux to from the center to the surface is mainly convective. For both Jupiter and Saturn it is necessary to invoke a substantial source of internal heating (presumably gravitational contraction) to account for the surface temperature (Jupiter radiates about 2 1/2 times as much heat as it receives from the Sun). Jupiter's surface shows pronounced horizontal striations: the light layers (zones) are at a slightly higher altitude and about 15° cooler than the dark layers (belts). It is surrounded by a partial torus of atomic H in the orbit of Io. Thirteen satellites, the four outermost of which have retrograde motion, high eccentricity, and high inclination. (Jupiter XIII, discovered in 1974, has a period of 239 days; i = 26°.7, e = 0.147.) V_esc = 61 km s^-1 5 × 10⁴ K

Neptune 164.8 years 1°.8 superior planet 1.7 g cm^-2 15^h49^m30^s e = 0.009 0.62 0.02 24500 ± 500 km 28°.8 367.49 days 30.07 AU hydrogen and methane V_orb = 5.43 km s^-1 1.3 that of Earth Johann Galle and Louis d'Arrest Triton and Nereid 1.03 × 10²⁹ g 7.6 mag Eighth major planet out from the Sun. Discovered in by following predictions calculated by Urbain Le Verrier. Similar predictions had been made earlier by John Couch Adams but were not followed up. 1846 V_esc = 25 km s^-1

Saturn 10^h14^m 116340 km i = 2°29'33" naked eye planet 0.7 g cm^-3 e = 0.056 0.50 0.1 for many centuries 26°44' 378 days T_eff ≈ 160 K 29.458 years 9.540 AU hydrogen and helium V_orb = 9.65 km s^-1 11 m s^-2 10 brighter than 5 5.7 × 10²⁹ g = 95.2 M_Earth epicycloidal 10^h38^m Sixth major planet out from the Sun. The most spectacular of the Solar System, it is circled by a series of concentric rings. All the satellites of Saturn are locked in synchronous rotation. V_esc = 33.1 km s^-1

Uranus 110 K 84.0 years i = 0°.8 superior planet 1.21 g cm^-3 10^h49^m26^s e = 0.04 0.66 0.07 25400 km 97°.9 369.66 days 19.18 AU H₂ and CH₄ 6.8 km s^-1 0.96 Earth's Herschel 5 major ones, all of which orbit in its equatorial plane 8.78 × 10²⁸ g +5.7 mag Seventh planet from the Sun. Has retrograde rotation. March 13, 1781 22 km s^-1

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Subject	has rotation period at equator	has has albedo	has equatorial diameter	has has surface temperature	has surface temperature	has orbital period	has has mean orbital velocity	has polar radiu	has inclination	is an instance of	has mean density	has rotation period	has eccentricity	has has synodic period	has albedo	has oblateness	has radiu	has been observ	has obliquity	has synodic period	has central density	has temperature	has sidereal period	has magnetic axis inclination	has mean density 1.33 g cm^{-3< sup>}	has mean distance from Sun	has atmosphere composition	has orbital velocity	has surface gravity	has discoverer	has satelite	has magnetic axis offset	has rotational period	has magnetic field	has core composition	has number of satellite	has semi-major axi	has satellite	has apparent magnitude	has mass	has equatorial radiu	has maximum brightness	has maximum apparent brightness	has motion relative to star	has has orbital period	has rotation period at pole	has definition	has discovery date	has escape velocity	has central temperature
Jupiter		0.51		120 K			13.06 km s^-1	6.7 × 10⁹ cm	i = 1°18'18"	naked eye planet			e = 0.048	398.9 days		0.065 (from Pioneer 10)		for many centuries	3°.1		35 megabar			15° to the rotational axis (data from Pioneer 10)			primarily H₂ (85%) and He (14%), with traces of methane, ammonia		2.7 that of Earth			0.1 Jupiter radius from the center of the planet (data from Pioneer 10)	9^h50^m at equator; 9^h55^m at polar regions (see Systems I and II longitude).	4 gauss (data from Pioneer 10)	metallic hydrogen in a pressure-ionized liquid phase		5.203 AU		brighter than 5	1.90 × 10³⁰ g = 318 M_Earth	7.135 × 10⁹ cm = 11 R_Earth			epicycloidal	11.86 years		Fifth planet from the Sun. It is more massive than all other planets and satellites combined; if it were about 80 times more massive, it would become self-luminous due to fusion reactions. The heat flux to from the center to the surface is mainly convective. For both Jupiter and Saturn it is necessary to invoke a substantial source of internal heating (presumably gravitational contraction) to account for the surface temperature (Jupiter radiates about 2 1/2 times as much heat as it receives from the Sun). Jupiter's surface shows pronounced horizontal striations: the light layers (zones) are at a slightly higher altitude and about 15° cooler than the dark layers (belts). It is surrounded by a partial torus of atomic H in the orbit of Io. Thirteen satellites, the four outermost of which have retrograde motion, high eccentricity, and high inclination. (Jupiter XIII, discovered in 1974, has a period of 239 days; i = 26°.7, e = 0.147.)		V_esc = 61 km s^-1	5 × 10⁴ K
Neptune						164.8 years			1°.8	superior planet	1.7 g cm^-2	15^h49^m30^s	e = 0.009		0.62	0.02	24500 ± 500 km		28°.8	367.49 days						30.07 AU	hydrogen and methane	V_orb = 5.43 km s^-1	1.3 that of Earth	Johann Galle and Louis d'Arrest								Triton and Nereid		1.03 × 10²⁹ g			7.6 mag				Eighth major planet out from the Sun. Discovered in by following predictions calculated by Urbain Le Verrier. Similar predictions had been made earlier by John Couch Adams but were not followed up.	1846	V_esc = 25 km s^-1
Saturn	10^h14^m		116340 km						i = 2°29'33"	naked eye planet	0.7 g cm^-3		e = 0.056		0.50	0.1		for many centuries	26°44'	378 days		T_eff ≈ 160 K	29.458 years			9.540 AU	hydrogen and helium	V_orb = 9.65 km s^-1	11 m s^-2							10			brighter than 5	5.7 × 10²⁹ g = 95.2 M_Earth				epicycloidal		10^h38^m	Sixth major planet out from the Sun. The most spectacular of the Solar System, it is circled by a series of concentric rings. All the satellites of Saturn are locked in synchronous rotation.		V_esc = 33.1 km s^-1
Uranus					110 K	84.0 years			i = 0°.8	superior planet	1.21 g cm^-3	10^h49^m26^s	e = 0.04		0.66	0.07	25400 km		97°.9	369.66 days						19.18 AU	H₂ and CH₄	6.8 km s^-1	0.96 Earth's	Herschel	5 major ones, all of which orbit in its equatorial plane									8.78 × 10²⁸ g		+5.7 mag					Seventh planet from the Sun. Has retrograde rotation.	March 13, 1781	22 km s^-1