energy Comparison Table

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energy comparison table

Subject has uncertainty has definition has equation has value has symbol is a kind of has accuracy is an instance of

binding energy The energy required to break up a system. In particular, the binding energy of an atomic nucleus is the energy released in the formation of the nucleus. The most strongly bound nuclei are those with atomic weights between about 50 and 65 (the iron group). Lighter nuclei are less strongly bound because of their larger surface-to-volume ratios; heavier nuclei, because the effects of Coulomb repulsion increase with the nuclear charge. energy

energy level Allowed energy state for electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom. energy

enthalphy The heat content of a body. H = U + pV, where U is the internal energy, p is the pressure, and V is the volume. H energy

excitation potential Amount of energy required to bring an electron from its ground state to a given excited state (measured in electron volts). energy

Fermi level The maximum energy of any particle in a group of low-temperature subatomic particles called fermions. Fermions, such as electrons, cannot occupy the same space at the same energy. Thus, if many fermions are placed close together, their energies must all be different. The energy of that particle with the largest energy is the Fermi energy of the system. energy

ground state The state in which all electrons are in the lowest possible energy states. energy

Hartree energy 0.00000034 × 10^-18 J 4.35974381 × 10^-18 J E_h energy

ionization potential The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom. It always takes a higher energy to remove a second electron from a singly ionized atom, a still higher energy to remove a third, etc. The ionization potential for hydrogen is 13.596 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of 912 Å. energy

kinetic energy The energy associated with motion; the work that must be done to change a body from a state of rest to a state of motion, equal to 1/2 mv² for a body of mass m moving at velocity v. energy

pairing energy A quantity which expresses the fact that nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons and protons have less energy and are less stable than those with even numbers of neutrons and protons. δ energy

Planck energy About 1000 kilowatt hours. The energy necessary to probe to distances as small as the Planck length. The typical energy of a vibrating string in string theory. energy

potential energy energy

rest-mass energy The energy which a particle has even when it is at rest. According to the famous relation E = mc² of special relativity, this rest energy is equal to the rest mass of the particle-the mass it has when a rest-times the square of the speed of light. If the mass is in grams and the speed of light in centimeters per second (c = 2.998 × 10¹⁰ centimeters per second), then the energy is given in ergs. energy

thermal energy Energy associated with the motions of the molecules, atoms, or ions in a substance. energy

threshold energy Difference between the energy at the first excited level and that of the ground state. energy

vibrational energy Motion of the pair of nuclei in a diatomic molecule along the direction of the internuclear axis (cf. rotational energy). energy

work function The amount of energy needed to release an electron from the attraction of positive ions in a metal. It is different for different metals. W energy

zero-point energy The energy of the lowest state of a quantum system. Amount of vibrational energy allowed by quantum mechanics to be associated with atomic particles at 0 K, whereas classical mechanics requires this to be zero. Also, the energy of an electron in its ground state. energy

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Subject	has uncertainty	has definition	has equation	has value	has symbol	is a kind of	has accuracy	is an instance of
binding energy		The energy required to break up a system. In particular, the binding energy of an atomic nucleus is the energy released in the formation of the nucleus. The most strongly bound nuclei are those with atomic weights between about 50 and 65 (the iron group). Lighter nuclei are less strongly bound because of their larger surface-to-volume ratios; heavier nuclei, because the effects of Coulomb repulsion increase with the nuclear charge.				energy
energy level		Allowed energy state for electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom.				energy
enthalphy		The heat content of a body. H = U + pV, where U is the internal energy, p is the pressure, and V is the volume.			H	energy
excitation potential		Amount of energy required to bring an electron from its ground state to a given excited state (measured in electron volts).				energy
Fermi level		The maximum energy of any particle in a group of low-temperature subatomic particles called fermions. Fermions, such as electrons, cannot occupy the same space at the same energy. Thus, if many fermions are placed close together, their energies must all be different. The energy of that particle with the largest energy is the Fermi energy of the system.				energy
ground state		The state in which all electrons are in the lowest possible energy states.				energy
Hartree energy	0.00000034 × 10^-18 J			4.35974381 × 10^-18 J	E_h			energy
ionization potential		The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom. It always takes a higher energy to remove a second electron from a singly ionized atom, a still higher energy to remove a third, etc. The ionization potential for hydrogen is 13.596 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of 912 Å.				energy
kinetic energy		The energy associated with motion; the work that must be done to change a body from a state of rest to a state of motion, equal to 1/2 mv² for a body of mass m moving at velocity v.				energy
pairing energy		A quantity which expresses the fact that nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons and protons have less energy and are less stable than those with even numbers of neutrons and protons.			δ	energy
Planck energy		About 1000 kilowatt hours. The energy necessary to probe to distances as small as the Planck length. The typical energy of a vibrating string in string theory.				energy
potential energy						energy
rest-mass energy		The energy which a particle has even when it is at rest. According to the famous relation E = mc² of special relativity, this rest energy is equal to the rest mass of the particle-the mass it has when a rest-times the square of the speed of light. If the mass is in grams and the speed of light in centimeters per second (c = 2.998 × 10¹⁰ centimeters per second), then the energy is given in ergs.				energy
thermal energy		Energy associated with the motions of the molecules, atoms, or ions in a substance.				energy
threshold energy		Difference between the energy at the first excited level and that of the ground state.				energy
vibrational energy		Motion of the pair of nuclei in a diatomic molecule along the direction of the internuclear axis (cf. rotational energy).				energy
work function		The amount of energy needed to release an electron from the attraction of positive ions in a metal. It is different for different metals.			W	energy
zero-point energy		The energy of the lowest state of a quantum system. Amount of vibrational energy allowed by quantum mechanics to be associated with atomic particles at 0 K, whereas classical mechanics requires this to be zero. Also, the energy of an electron in its ground state.				energy