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chalcophile element comparison table

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cadmium					atom														30 years					increasing with depth							II	recycled oceanic element																																					a column number in the table of the elements
chromium	kroh-mi-uhm	Im3m	3.1 barns	115.3 GPa	atom	45 to 57	348.78 kJ mol-1	Nicholas Louis Vauquelin	93.7 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1780	chroma = colour from Greek	6.2 × 10-6 K-1	15.3 kJ mol-1	chips, chunks, crystallites or powder. Safe.	Turkey, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Russia, Philipipines		0.01 - 1.2 mg	70 mg kg-1 metal taken oraly in humans	10000 years	chromite, crocoite	2130 ± 20 K	0.3635 × 10-12 cm		increasing with depth		7S3 in ground state	a = 288.46 pm	14 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.21 GPa	1 × 109 tonnes	VI	recycled oceanic element	279 GPa	20.79 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	160.2 GPa		7.23 cm3	hard, blue-white metal which resists oxidation in air, can be polished to a high shine	2945 K	poison by ingestion, suspected carcinogen, chromates are corrosive to tissue	essential to some species, including humans, stimulates metabolism	84 pm for Cr2+	12.7 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K	51.9961 in units of 12C = 12.000	chromite	64.3 kJ mol-1 from Cr to Cr-	6460 kg m-3 for liquid at 2130 K melting point	7440-47-3 for Chemical Abstracts System database	125 pm	24	+4.45 × 10-8 kg-1 m3 for solid	Paris, France	13 including nuclear isomers	200 mg	2.5 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	520.844 nm for Cr I	HCL and H2SO4 by disolving	chromium 52	Cr	alloys, plating and metal ceramics	b.c.c.	9.6 × 106 tonnes year-1 for chromite ore	[Ar]3d54s1 in ground state	24	31.1 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.024 - 0.84 p.p.m. in muscle	1.66 Pauling		a column number in the table of the elements
manganese	man-gan-eez	I-43m for α-Mn	13.3 barns	79.5 GPa	atom	49 to 62	219.7 kJ mol-1	J.G. Gahn	7.82 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K	1774 (isolated)	magnes = magnet from Latin or magnesia nigri = black magnesia (MnO2)	22 × 10-6 K-1	14.4 kJ mol-1	chips, flake or powder. Safe.	South Africa, Russia, Gabon, Australia, Brazil		0.4 - 10 mg	1715 mg kg-1 for chloride in mouse	50 years	bixbyite, managanite, pyrolusite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite (jewelry), romanechite	1517 K	-0.373 × 10-12 cm		decreasing with depth	117 pm	6S5/2 in ground state	a = 891.39 pm for α-Mn	12 mg for a 70 kg average person	0.24 GPa	3.6 × 109 tonnes (plus ocean floor nodules which are 24% Mn)	II	scavenged oceanic element	191 GPa	20.79 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K	n.a. GPa		7.38 cm3	hard, brittle, silvery metal	2235 K	compounds are experimental carcinogens and teratogens	essential to all species	91 pm for Mn2+	185.0 × 10-8 Ω m at 298 K	54.93805 in units of 12C = 12.000	pyrolusite, romanechite (also known as psilomelane), manganite (useful but rare)	less than 0 kJ mol-1 from Mn to Mn-	6430 kg m-3 for liquid at 2235 K melting point	7439-96-5 for Chemical Abstracts System database	124 pm	25	+1.21 × 10-7 kg-1 m3 for solid	Stockholm, Sweden	15 including nuclear isomers	slighly toxic by ingestion	0.4 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater	403.449 nm for Mn I	dilute acids by dissolving	manganese 55	Mn	steel production, ceramics, feed supplements and fertilizer additives	b.c.c. for α-Mn	6.22 × 106 tonnes year-1	[Ar]3d54s2 in ground state	25	34.7 cm2 g-1 for MoKalpha X-ray diffraction	0.2 - 2.3 p.p.m. in muscle	1.55 Pauling		a column number in the table of the elements
selenium					chalcogen														3000 years					increasing with depth							VI some IV	recycled oceanic element																																					16
silver					atom														5000 years					increasing with depth							I	recycled oceanic element																																					a column number in the table of the elements
sulfur	sul-fer	Fddd for α form	0.53 barns		chalcogen	29 to 39	9.62 kJ mol-1		0.269 W m-1 K-1 for α at 300 K	prehistoric	sulvere = sulfur from Sanskrit (sulphurium from Latin)	74.33 × 10-6 K-1	1.23 kJ mol-1	powder and flakes. Safe.	USA (native sulfur), Spain	20700 kPa	850 - 930 mg	175 mg kg-1 for rabbits	8 × 106 years	occurs naturally as native sulfur deposits associated with oil-bearing strata	386.0 K for α form	0.2847 × 10-12 cm		depth indenpendent	104 pm	3P2 in ground state	a = 1046.46, b = 1286.60, c = 2448.60 pm for α form	140 g for a 70 kg average person		2.5 × 109 tonnes	VI	accumulating oceanic element		23.673 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K		185 pm	15.49 cm3	the α-S8 orthorhombic form of sulfur is yellow	717.824 K	elemental form is harmless unless ingested; ignited it emits highly toxic SO2 fumes	essential to all living things; part of the amino acids methionine and cysteine	184 pm for S2-	2 × 1015 Ω m at 293 K	32.066 in units of 12C = 12.000	native sulfur, pyrite, H2S in natural gas	200.4 kJ mol-1 from S to S-	1819 kg m-3 for liquid at 393 K	7704-34-9 for Chemical Abstracts System database	104 pm		-5.83 × 10-9 kg-1 m3 for β solid		11 including nuclear isomers	elemental form is not very toxic, but simple derivatives are (SO2, H2S, etc.)	870 p.p.m. in seawater	964.99 nm for S I	oxidising acids	sulfur 32	S	key industrial chemical, starting point for sulfuric acid	orthorhombic for α form	54 × 106	[Ne]3s23p4 in ground state	16	9.55 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction	5000 - 11000 p.p.m. in muscle	2.58 Pauling	1314 K	16
zinc					atom														5000 years					increasing with depth							II	recycled oceanic element																																					a column number in the table of the elements

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