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physical object > natural object > particle > element > column grouped element > transition metal > nickel > nickel 59

nickel 59 (59Ni)
subject			fact

nickel 59	has symbol 59Ni
	has nuclear spin I = 3/2- h/2π
	has decay mode EC
	has decay mode no γ
	has half life 76000 years
	has number of nucleons 59
	has number of neutrons 31
	has atomic mass 58.934349
	is an instance of nickel
nickel	has lethal intake 350 mg kg-1 in rat for nickel acetate
	has reserves 70 × 106 tonnes
	has main mining area garnierite in Russia, South Africa, USA; pentlandite in Canada, South Africa
	has mineral garnierite, millerite, nickeline, pentlandite, nickel-iron meteorites
	has neutron scattering length 1.03 × 10-12 cm
	has electron affinity 156 kJ mol-1 from Ni to Ni-
	has toxic intake 1 - 3 mg kg-1
	has poisson's ratio 0.312 GPa
	has bulk modulus 177.3 GPa
	has rigidity modulus 76.0 GPa
	has young's modulus 199.5 GPa
	has mass magnetic susceptibility ferromagnetic
	has electrical resistivity 6.84 × 10-8 Ω m at 293 K
	has covalent radii 115 pm
	has thermal neutron capture cross section 4.49 barns
	has longest lived isotope nickel 58
	has isotope mass range 53 to 67
	has number of isotopes 14 including nuclear isomers
	has pronunciation nik-el
	has name origin kupfernickel = Devil's copper or St Nicholas's copper from German
	has discovery location Stockholm, Sweden
	has abundance 1.91 × 106 in Sun relative to H = 1 × 1012
	has abundance 80 p.p.m. in Earth's crust
	has abundance 1 × 10-4 p.p.m. in Atlantic surface seawater
	has abundance 4.0 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Atlantic seawater
	has abundance 1 × 10-4 p.p.m. in Pacific surface seawater
	has abundance 5.7 × 10-4 p.p.m. in deep Pacific seawater
	has Curie temperature 633 K
	has specimen foil, powder, rod, slugs, spheres and wire. Safe.
	has world production 510000 tonnes year-1
	has chief source garnierite, pentlandite
	has mass absorption coefficient 45.7 cm2 g-1 for CuKα X-ray diffraction
	has mass absorption coefficient 46.6 cm2 g-1 for MoKα X-ray diffraction
	has space group Fm3m
	has crystal cell dimension a = 352.38 pm
	has crystal type f.c.c.
	has atomic emission line 232.003 nm for Ni I
	has atomic emission line 341.476 nm for Ni I (strong)
	has atomic emission line 349.296 nm for Ni I
	has atomic emission line 351.505 nm for Ni I
	has atomic emission line 352.454 nm for Ni I (strong)
	has atomic emission line 361.939 nm for Ni I
	has term symbol 3F4 in ground state
	has electron configuration [Ar]3d84s2 in ground state
	has mass of element in person 15 mg for a 70 kg average person
	has daily dietary intake 0.3 - 0.5 mg
	has level in humans 0.01 - 0.05 mg dm-3 in blood
	has level in humans < 0.7 p.p.m. in bone
	has level in humans 0.02 - 1.8 p.p.m. in liver
	has level in humans 1 - 2 p.p.m. in muscle
	has hazard element and its compounds are poisonous, carcinogenic, and teratogenic
	has hazard nickel carbonyl is extremely toxic
	has biological role essential to some species, and can act to stimulate metabolism
	has linear expansion coefficient 13.3 × 10-6 K-1
	has thermal conductivity 90.7 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K
	has molar volume 6.59 cm3
	has heat capacity 26.07 J K-1 mol-1 for solid at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat capacity 23.359 J K-1 mol-1 for gas at constant pressure 0.1 MPa at 298.15 K
	has heat of vaporization 371.8 kJ mol-1
	has heat of fusion 17.6 kJ mol-1
	has boiling point 3005 K
	has melting point 1726 K
	has electronegativity 1.91 Pauling
	has relative atomic mass 58.6934 in units of 12C = 12.000
has ionic radii 78 pm for Ni2+
has ionic radii 62 pm for Ni3+
has atomic radii 125 pm
has number of protons 28
has registry number 7440-02-0 for Chemical Abstracts System database
has density 8902 kg m-3 for solid at 293 K
has density 7780 kg m-3 for liquid at 1726 K boiling point
has synthesis mechanism
has ocean oxidation state II
has ocean residence time 80000 years
has atomic number 28
reacts with acids by disolving except for concentrated HNO3
has discovery date 1751
has discoverer A.F. Cronstedt
has uses alloys, especially stainless steel, coins, metal plating and catalysts
has image
recycled oceanic element	has ocean concentration increasing with depth
siderophile element	has occurrence in planet metallic core and associated with iron
column grouped element	has group a column number in the table of the elements
element	is a part of Universe
	has synonym atom
particle	obeys uncertainty principle
	has frequency inversely proportional to the wavelength
	has wavelength inversely proportional to its momentum
	has charge
	has mass
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

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