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physical object > artifact > device > instrument > optical device > detector > imager > integrating detector

integrating detector
subject			fact

integrating detector	has definition Any imaging device, like a photographic emulsion or CCD, which can build up more signal and contrast by a longer exposure to light or other electromagnetic energy.
	is a kind of imager
instrument	has operator
artifact	has creator
	has creation date
	has purpose
	has owner
physical object	has location or center of gravity
	has angular momentum
	has mass
	has velocity
	has momentum
	has temperature
	has volume
	has extent
	has material

Kinds of integrating detector :

• charge-coupled device (6 kinds, 19 facts) (CCD) - A small photoelectronic imaging device (typically 1.5 cm square) made from a crystal of semiconductor silicon in which numerous (at least 250000) individual light-sensitive picture elements (pixels) have been constructed. Each tiny pixel (less than 0.03 mm in size) is capable of storing electronic charges created by the absorption of light. The name derives from the method of extracting the locally stored charges from each pixel which is done by transferring or "coupling" charges from one pixel to the next by the controlled collapse and growth of adjacent storage sites or "potential wells". Each "well" is formed inside the silicon crystal by the electric field generated by voltages applied to tiny, semi-transparent metallic electrodes on the CCD surface., Highly sensitive photoelectric devices that can electronically record the intensity and point of arrival of tiny amounts of light. CCDs are placed at the receiving end of telescopes, to "take pictures" of very faint astronomical objects; they have almost completely replaced photographic plates.
• FOC (2 facts) - Faint Object Camera (Hubble).
• heliograph (2 facts) - Device for recording the positions of sunspots.
• hologram (2 facts) - An interferometric method of recording information about the three-dimensional nature of an object which relies on preserving both the amplitudes and phases of the wavefronts which reach the detector, instead of merely the amplitudes. Hologram means "whole record". The basic principle was outlined by D. Gabor in 1948.
• image dissector scanner (2 facts) - A specialized television camera used as a light detector (instead of a photographic plate) in the 1970's.
• image tube (2 kinds, 7 facts) (image intensifier) - An electronic camera in which electrons, emitted from a photocathode surface exposed to light, are focused electronically onto a phosphor or photographic plate.
• Schmidt plate (2 facts) - Photographic plate obtained with a Schmidt telescope, which is a type of telescope with a particularly large field of view.

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