Dependent Voltage Sources

On the other hand, there are other types of sources for which either the source voltage or current depends upon a voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit. Such sources are called dependent or controlled sources. They are also termed as active elements.

Dependent sources are widely used in electronics to model both DC and AC behavior of electronic devices, such as transistors, operational amplifiers, and integrated circuits.

To distinguish between dependent and independent sources, diamond symbols are used as in Figure 7.5.

Figure 7.5 Dependent voltage sources.
               

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